The African-American presence in St. Mary's County began in 1634 with the arrival of mulatto indentured servant Mathias de Sousa. He was one of the original 140 colonists who founded Maryland.
Slavery was introduced soon after. The Sotterley Plantation, located in Hollywood, Maryland, depicts this era and is the site of a rare original slave cabin that provides a glimpse into the lives of African-Americans who worked the plantation both pre- and post-Civil War. While whites in the county aligned themselves with the Confederacy during the war, over 500 African-Americans joined the Union Army; William H. Barnes and James H. Harris earned the Congressional Medal of Honor for their bravery.
From July 1863, until May 1865, United States Colored Troops units rotated from the front to serve as guards at the Point Lookout hospital complex and prisoner-of-war camp for Confederate soldiers. Instances of brutality or kindness are documented, depending on the nature of the relationships of the imprisoned masters with their former slaves prior to the war.
African Americans achieved a great deal through educational and religious institutions. Education was vital to the success of those who remained in the county after the war. Segregated one and two room schools such as the Drayden School were established for "colored" children in the 1970s with the help of the Freedmen's Bureau. The first Catholic school for African American children opened its doors in 1886 at the Knights of St. Jerome's Hall in Dameron. The site of Cardinal GibbonsClick here to purchase "In Relentless Pursuit of an Education: African American Stories from a Csentury of Secregation (1865 - 1967) Institute, the first black Catholic high school, is marked with a memorial in its honor. African American protestant churches date back as far as 1813. The rich histories of these churches tell of camp meetings, revivals and gala homecomings.
Benjamin Banneker School and George Washington Carver School, formerly Jarboesville School, provided the first opportunities for African Americans to attend public high school in the county. Brown vs. the Board of Education in 1954 set the legal stage for desegregation, but it was not until 1967 that the county schools were full desegregated.
The African American Monument with its surrounding pedestals tells the story of the contributions of African Americans to the history and development of the county. This story embraces the proud heritage of African Americans in St. Mary's County.
38370 Point Breeze Road
Colton's Point, MD 20626
Mathias de Sousa, cited as the first individual of African descent to settle in Maryland, was part of the first group of colonists who landed at St. Clements Island in 1634. The little that is known about de Sousa is included in the museum's exhibits, which relate the story of Maryland's founding.
(Route 5 and Rosecroft Road)
St. Mary's City, MD 20686
240.895.4990
When the first permanent English settlement in Maryland was established at St. Mary's City, Mathias de Sousa, an indentured servant of African descent, was there at its founding. After serving his indenture, he became a merchant and participated in the Maryland Assembly. A plaque memorializing de Sousa and brief information on early colonial African American life may be found at this outdoor living history and archaeological museum on the site of the original colony. Historic Sites
44300 Sotterley Lane
Hollywood, MD 20636
301.373.2280
National Park Service Underground Railroad Network to Freedom site. Sotterley's 1830s slave cabin exemplifies typical slave housing in the Tidewater region yet also features unique architectural elements. The plantation's interpretive program incorporates the story of the Kane Family's time at Sotterley which spanned the pre-and post-Civil War Eras. The site also features a main dwelling and numerous outbuildings dating from the early 18th through the early 20th centuries.
(Courthouse Drive next to the Courthouse)
Leonardtown, MD 20650
301.475.2467
National Park Service Underground Railroad Network to Freedom site. The Old Jail was built in 1858 and was in use through the early 1940s. Runaway slaves were often held in public jails until their owners retrieved them or they were sold in compensation for the cost of care. Five stories of runaway slaves are connected with this jail. Today the building houses exhibits of the St. Mary's County Historical Society and serves as a county visitor information center. Open Wednesday - Friday, 10 am - 2 pm Special tours and additional hours by advance arrangement.
11175 Point Lookout Road
Scotland MD 20687
301.872.5688
National Park Service Underground Railroad Network to Freedom site. During the Civil War Era, Point Lookout was first a hospital for wounded Union soldiers and then a Civil War prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. Outside of Point Lookout stood a "contraband camp" where runaway slaves who crossed the Potomac River from Virginia took refuge under the protection of federal authorities. Now a state park, the site includes a Civil War museum (open seasonally). Park open year round, sunrise to sunset.
17765 Three Notch Road
Dameron, MD 20628
301.872.4566
The Hall was built in 1885 by the local chapter of the Knights of St. Jerome, the oldest Catholic fraternal organization in the Archdiocese of Washington. In the late 1880s, the hall served as the first parochial school for black children in St. Mary's County. View from street. Tours by advance arrangement.
18287 Cherryfield Road
Drayden, MD 20630
301.769.2222
One of the best preserved African American schoolhouses in the country, the one-room schoolhouse still occupies its original site and has not been significantly altered. Built in 1890, it was in use until 1944. The structure marks the era of segregated schools in St. Mary's County. Interpretive panels offer self-guided tours. Group tours by advance arrangement.
16922 St. Peter Claver Church Road
St. Inigoes, MD 20684
301.475.4200 ext 1800
Established in 1924 by Jesuit Father John LaFarge as a vocational institute under the auspices of the Baltimore Diocese, and operated by educators from the Tuskegee Institute, the coeducational school for African American students operated until 1967. it was named for Archbishop James Cardinal Gibbons of Baltimore who donated money for purchase of the land. A monument marks the site where the institute once stood.
47450 Lincoln Avenue
Lexington Park, MD 20653
George Washington Carver School, built in 1958, and its predecessor, Jarboesville School, built in 1925, served African American students in southern St. Mary's County. Carver graduated its last high school class in 1966 when county schools were desegregated. It became an integrated elementary school and then a community center. It is located in South Hampton (formerly Carver Heights) a housing development built in the 1940s exclusively for African American civilian and military employees of the Patuxent River Naval Air Station. Next to the school is the old United Service Organization Hall which served as the community's social center. View from the street.
(Corner of Route 235 & Tulagi Place) 21744 South Coral Drive
Lexington Park, MD 20653
301.737.5447
The African American Monument is located on the grounds of Freedom Park. It was dedicated on July 29, 2000 and recognizes African Americans and African American organizations that have made significant contributions to St. Mary's County.
37345 New Market Road
Charlotte Hall, MD 20622
301.884.7320
The first recording of Mt. Calvary Methodist Episcopal Church was in 1880. The current church was built in 1912. Camp meetings and tent revivals were held here. In 1968 the church became Mt. Calvary United Methodist Church when the new United Methodist Church was formed in America.
37659 Ebenezer Way
Mechanicsville, MD 20659
301.884.8879
This, the only A.M.E. congregation in St. Mary's County, is thought to be the oldest A.M.E. church in Southern Maryland. The congregation appears to have existed in the 1860s. A deteriorating log chapel, used as a church and school into the 1940s, still stands. The present church was constructed in 1961.
(Route 247 in area of Oakville)
Mechanicsville, MD 20659
The church was founded by U.S. Colored Troops soldiers and built in the 1880s on land donated by a white member of Mt. Zion Church. After 1945, membership gradually declined and Galilee was closed and in 1983, the church was officially burned in a "service of triumph." U.S. Colored Troops soldiers are buried in the cemetery at the site.
47359 Lincoln Avenue
Lexington Park, MD 20653
301.863.8388
In 1945 a growing home-based prayer band moved its worship services to the USO Building in Carver Heights. Then they purchased an acre of land, and in 1948, built the First Baptist Church of Carver Heights. In 1990, the church was given its current name.
21291 Three Notch Road
Lexington Park, MD 20653
301.863.5161
Zion grew from Zion's Fair Methodist Episcopal Chapel, originally located on Hermanville Road. The current church was constructed on this site in 1963 and was renovated and expanded in 2001. The church cemetery is located at the site of the former Zion Fair Chapel.
19309 St. George's Church Road
Valley Lee, MD 20692
301.994.9416
Founded as Bethesda Methodist Episcopal Church, about 1830, by a white congregation, it passed into African American use and is the oldest African American Methodist church in southern St. Mary's County. The church was erected on the site in 1870 and was replaced in 1911.
45685 Happyland Road
Valley Lee, MD 20692
301.994.2090
In 1891 thirty members of Bethesda Church formed an independent church built on land across the road. Originally affiliated with the Baltimore Association of Independent Methodist Churches, later it united with the Union American Methodist Episcopal Church. A new church was built in 1968.
45000 St. Lukes Court
Piney Point, MD 20674
301.994.9897
St. Luke, the sister church of St. Mark Union American Methodist Episcopal Church, was founded in 1852. It evolved from a religious group organized in 1813 as the First Independent Church of Negroes, later the Union Church of Africans.
16922 St. Peter Claver Church Road
St. Inigoes, MD 20684
301.872.5460
When the original 1918 church burned in 1934, Philip Frohman, architect of the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., designed the new church. It is the only predominantly African-American Catholic parish in the county. St. Peter Claver School was founded in 1916. The school burned in 1928, was rebuilt, and remained open until 1965. The building, renamed McKenna Hall, serves as a museum. Tours by appointment.
27108 Mt. Zion Church Road
St. Inigoes, MD 20684
301.872.4006
According to church lore, Mt. Zion had its beginning in the late 18th century when a slave named Isaac Braxton became a Methodist and preached to his fellow slaves. In 1872 the church was constructed on an acre of donated land. It later burned and was replaced by the present church in 1908.
12880 Point Lookout Road
Ridge, MD 20680
301.872.5142
Founded by U.S. Colored Troops veterans, church members met in their homes until 1886 when they purchased the old St. Mary's Chapel in Ridge. That church burned in 1887 and a new church was built. First known as the Lowentown congregation, they became St. Luke Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1968 they became part of the United Methodist Church.
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